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Lesson 14: B-flat and the Key of F Major

  • Play Bb4 and Bb5 with the correct cross-fingerings.
  • Play an F major scale and a Renaissance dance in F.

F major is the recorder's home key. Bach knew it; Telemann lived in it.

B-flat is the first flat in our curriculum, and like F-sharp it is cross-fingered. The key of F major contains one flat (Bb) and is the natural key of the alto recorder — which is why so much of the recorder's Baroque repertoire is in F.

Bb4

Thumb on, left index DOWN, left middle UP, left ring DOWN, right index DOWN. A cross-fingering: down-up-down with a right-hand finger added.Bb is often the most pitch-variable note on a recorder. Most instruments tend slightly sharp here; lip down a little to match the rest of the scale.

Bb5

The high Bb uses a half-vented thumb and an offset upper-hand pattern. It is the trickier of the two; expect the first attempts to crack.

F major, one octave, with Bb in place of B natural. Even tone throughout; Bb often pops out louder than its neighbours unless you compensate with breath.

Play: a Renaissance dance in F

A short pavane — the slow processional dance of the sixteenth century. Held notes, gentle motion, the new Bb taking the place B would have held in C major.

Now play these

Silent Night
A Christmas carol with Bb — gentle, sustained, ideal Bb practice.
Pavane: Belle qui tiens ma vie
Arbeau's pavane from Orchésographie (1589). A study in slow F major.
Joy to the World
An F major scale on the first phrase — pure scale, then a leap.

When the F major scale is even, with Bb sitting at the right pitch and volume relative to its neighbours, move on to Lesson 15.

Bb popping out too loud? See troubleshooting.