- Master 3/4 time signature (three beats per measure)
- Understand waltz rhythm and character
- Play classic waltzes and 3/4 melodies
- Develop appropriate phrasing for dance music
Introduction
3/4 time—also called "waltz time"—is one of the most beautiful time signatures in music. With three beats per measure, it creates a gentle, lilting feel perfect for dances and lyrical melodies.
Understanding 3/4 Time
Time Signature: 3/4
- Top number (3): Three beats per measure
- Bottom number (4): Quarter note gets one beat
- Typical emphasis: STRONG-weak-weak (beat 1 is strongest)
Count: "1-2-3, 1-2-3" with emphasis on beat 1 of each measure.
Waltz Rhythm and Feel
The waltz originated as a ballroom dance in the 18th century. The characteristic "oom-pah-pah" accompaniment creates:
- A strong downbeat (beat 1)
- Two lighter beats (beats 2 and 3)
- A circular, flowing motion
- An elegant, graceful character
Feel the strong beat 1 followed by two lighter beats. Count "ONE-two-three, ONE-two-three".
First measure: C-D-C (1-2-3) | Second measure: D-C-D (1-2-3) | Third measure: C (hold for 3 beats)
A simple waltz-style melody. Notice how beat 1 feels like "home" in each measure.
Classic Waltz: Edelweiss
From "The Sound of Music" - a beautiful waltz adapted for your current range!
"E-del-weiss, E-del-weiss..."
Tip: Let the melody breathe—don't rush through the dotted half notes!
Practice smooth patterns in waltz time.
Four measures of 3 beats each, creating a gentle waltz pattern.
The Viennese Waltz Tempo
Waltzes can be played at different speeds:
- Slow waltz: ~60-90 BPM (beats per minute) - Dreamy and romantic
- Moderate waltz: ~90-120 BPM - Comfortable dancing pace
- Viennese waltz: ~150-180 BPM - Fast and energetic!
Start with slow tempos until you're comfortable with the 3/4 feel, then gradually increase speed.
Reading and Conducting 3/4
When conducting 3/4, the pattern is triangular:
- Beat 1: Down (strongest)
- Beat 2: Out to the right
- Beat 3: Up (returning to start)
Try conducting yourself while you play to internalize the three-beat pattern!
A traditional English folk song in gentle 3/4 time.
"La-ven-der's blue, dil-ly dil-ly..."
Common 3/4 Mistakes
- ❌ Rushing through measures - Give full value to all three beats!
- ❌ Emphasizing beat 2 or 3 - Remember: beat 1 is strongest
- ❌ Forgetting to count - Always count "1-2-3" internally
- ❌ Playing like 4/4 - 3/4 has its own unique feel, not just "4/4 minus one beat"
Practice Routine (20 minutes daily)
- Clap 3/4 patterns - 3 minutes
- Exercises 1-3 - 7 minutes
- Edelweiss and Lavender's Blue - 7 minutes
- Conduct yourself playing a favorite 3/4 song - 3 minutes